Understanding the Baby Blues and Postpartum Depression

The postpartum period is a significant time of transition for new mothers and their families. While it can be a joyous and fulfilling experience, it also brings a range of emotions and challenges. Perinatal mental health refers to the emotional well-being of individuals during pregnancy and the first year after childbirth. It encompasses various conditions, including baby blues and postpartum depression, which affect many new mothers.

What you’ll learn in this blog:

• What are the Baby Blues and Why do Women Experience them Postpartum?

• Tips for Supporting a Family Member Experiencing the Baby Blues

• What is Postpartum Depression?

• What are the Symptoms and Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression?

• How to Support a Family Member Experiencing Postpartum Depression

• The Differences between the Baby Blues and Postpartum Depression

Introduction to Perinatal Mental Health:

Perinatal mood disorders can affect any woman during pregnancy or postpartum. They are temporary and treatable. There are effective, well-researched treatment options to help you recover. Most often you hear about postpartum depression or postpartum anxiety but women also experience OCD, PTSD, Bipolar, and Psychosis. These diagnoses can be scary at first but with proper support from your partner, a licensed perinatal therapist, and/or a psychiatrist you can and will thrive.

Talk with your partner before giving birth and review the most common symptoms of these disorders. Assess your own risk factors together (like a personal or family history of depression) and make a plan if you or your partner begin exhibiting any symptoms. Talk about who you will reach out to and methods of treatment you are comfortable with.

A note on medication and breastfeeding: Most common medications for treating perinatal mood disorders are compatible with breastfeeding. Consult with a lactation professional if you have any concerns. You do not have to choose between feeding your baby and your mental health.

What are the Baby Blues and Why do Women Experience them Postpartum?

The baby blues, also known as postpartum blues, are a common and temporary emotional response that many new mothers experience after giving birth. Typically occurring within the first two weeks postpartum, the baby blues can lead to feelings of sadness, tearfulness, mood swings, and anxiety. This emotional rollercoaster is thought to result from hormonal changes, sleep deprivation, and the overwhelming experience of motherhood.

Up to 80% of new parents experience the baby blues. The baby blues are short-term dips in mood that can begin about 2-3 days after birth. The baby blues can last for up to 2 weeks after birth. Symptoms of the baby blues include:

• Feeling restless or anxious

• Being impatient or grumpy

• Crying for no reason

• Finding it hard to concentrate

• Sadness

• Mood changes

Tips for Supporting a Family Member Experiencing the Baby Blues:

1. Offer a listening ear: Encourage the new mother to express her feelings and emotions without judgment.

2. Provide practical support: Help with household chores, cooking, and caring for the baby to reduce stress.

3. Promote rest: Encourage her to rest when the baby is sleeping and offer to watch the baby so she can have time for self-care.

4. Be patient and understanding: Understand that the baby blues are temporary, and with time and support, she will likely start feeling better.

The baby blues usually go away on their own without treatment, but there are some things you can do to feel better.

• Try to get as much sleep as you can, I know this is difficult in the first few months postpartum.

• Ask for help from your partner, family, and friends. Tell them exactly what they can do for you such as folding the laundry or watching the baby while you sleep.

• Take some time for yourself, even if it's only an hour a day. Ask someone you trust to take care of your baby so you can take care of yourself.

• Connect with other new parents. Find a postpartum or new parent support group in your area. Often these groups are hosted by your local hospital or library.

• Avoid alcohol and other drugs as they can affect your mood and make you feel worse.

• Eat healthy foods and get exercise if you can. Go for a short walk outside and/or set up a meal train for your family.

If your mood doesn’t improve or change you may be experiencing postpartum depression. 15-20% of women experience more significant symptoms of depression or anxiety than the baby blues.

What is Postpartum Depression?

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a more severe and longer-lasting form of perinatal mental health condition that affects some new mothers. Unlike the baby blues, PPD persists beyond the initial weeks and can last for months if left untreated. It is essential to differentiate between the baby blues and PPD, as the latter requires professional intervention.

Perinatal depression is the most common complication of childbearing. Approximately 15% of women experience significant depression following birth. The percentages increase for women who are experiencing poverty and for teen moms. 10% of women begin to experience their symptoms during pregnancy. If you are suffering, know that it is not your fault and you are not to blame.

What are the Symptoms and Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression?

Symptoms of postpartum depression may include:

1. Persistent sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness

2. Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed

3. Fatigue and sleep disturbances unrelated to the baby's needs

4. Changes in appetite and weight

5. Difficulty bonding with the baby

6. Irritability, anger, or excessive crying

7. Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or inadequacy

8. Recurrent thoughts of harming oneself or the baby

There are several risk factors that have been researched for an increased risk of developing perinatal depression. These include:

• A personal or family history of depression or anxiety

• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder of PMDD

• Inadequate support in caring for the baby

• Financial or marital stress

• Complications in pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding

• A major recent life event like a death in the family or job loss

• Mothers of multiples

• Mothers of infants in the NICU

• Mothers who have gone through infertility treatments

• Women with a thyroid imbalance

• Women with diabetes (type 1, type 2 or gestational)

How to Support a Family Member Experiencing Postpartum Depression:

1. Encourage professional help: Suggest seeking support from a healthcare provider or mental health professional.

2. Offer ongoing support: Continue to be there for her and provide assistance with everyday tasks.

3. Educate yourself: Learn about postpartum depression to better understand her experience and feelings.

4. Avoid judgment: Be compassionate and avoid stigmatizing language or assumptions.

5. Promote self-care: Encourage her to engage in activities that promote well-being and relaxation.

The Differences between the Baby Blues and Postpartum Depression:

Baby Blues:

- Common and temporary emotional response

- Usually occurs within the first two weeks postpartum

- Caused by hormonal changes and the overwhelming experience of motherhood

- Symptoms include sadness, tearfulness, mood swings, and anxiety

- Typically resolves on its own with time and support

Postpartum Depression (PPD):

- More severe and longer-lasting than baby blues

- Persists beyond the initial weeks and can last for months if untreated

- Symptoms include persistent sadness, loss of interest, fatigue, difficulty bonding with the baby, and thoughts of self-harm

- Requires professional intervention and support

- Risk factors include history of depression, inadequate support, hormonal imbalances, and stressful life events.

Recognizing the difference between baby blues and postpartum depression is crucial for supporting new mothers during their postpartum journey. By offering understanding, compassion, and practical assistance, families can play a vital role in helping their loved ones navigate these challenging emotions and find the support they need to recover and thrive. Remember, seeking professional help when necessary is essential for the well-being of both the mother and the baby.